In the era of sustainable transportation, Electric Vehicle (EV) powertrains have emerged as revolutionary technology, reshaping the automotive landscape. It is essential to understand the essence of an EV powertrain and its significance unveils the future of mobility. This article delves into the core components comprising an EV powertrain, elucidating their pivotal role in advancing eco-conscious transportation solutions. Let’s embark on a journey to explore the intricacies and significance of electric powertrains in shaping the operations and performance of electric vehicles, enriching the driving experience to new heights.

1/ What is an EV powertrain and its importance?

The powertrain system is a combination of various components that create energy from a power source via a conversion device and transfer it to the wheels, supporting car movement. A malfunctioning powertrain system would make it difficult for a car to move or maybe impossible for it to drive at all. You’ll also experience greater acceleration, handling, and a smoother ride with a well-maintained powertrain. 

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2/ The difference between EV and ICE powertrain

Indeed, the powertrain system of an internal combustion engine (ICE) is much different to an EV powertrain system.

There are hundreds of moving parts inside an ICE vehicle, which mainly consist of the engine, transmission, and drive shaft. In ICE, the engine generates power by burning fuel to produce thermal energy, then converts this energy to kinetic energy, which is transmitted to the driveshaft to turn the wheel in cars. 

Whereas, in an EV’s powertrain, the electrical energy from the car’s battery or energy storage system is converted into mechanical power to move the vehicle, which normally makes up around 40% of an ICE vehicle’s components. 

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Parameter	ICE	EV
Energy source	Fuel	Battery/ Fuel cell
Energy conversion device	Internal/external engine	Motor
Gearbox	Multi-speed gearbox and differential	Single-speed gearbox + differential
Control system	Fuel control system	Traction control unit
Energy storage system	Fuel tank	Battery

3/The main components for the powertrain in electric vehicles.

Battery pack which is made by multiple cells to store the energy and Supply DC for other parts. 

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Electric motor: it is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy by the interaction between the motor’s magnetic field and electric current in the winding.

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 DC-AC inverter: to convert battery Power from DC to AC and feed to e-motor. The frequency and magnitude of Power supplied to the Motor will be controlled by ECU to increase or decrease the speed of the vehicle.

On-board charger: which converts the AC Power from the charge port to DC and controls the amount of current running into the battery pack. 

Battery management system (BMS): is used to monitor the State of health (SOH) of the battery, collect data, and control environmental factors that might affect the cells. 

DC-DC converter supports Power distribution by converting the output Power from the battery pack to the expected level. 

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CONCLUSION

To conclude, the powertrain stands as the beating heart of electric vehicles, embodying efficiency, performance, and technological advancement. Its seamless integration of components underscores the evolution of automotive engineering, promising a future where electric vehicles are not just a trend but a mainstream reality. As we continue to witness breakthroughs in electric powertrain technology, it is undeniable that the efficiency and safety of electric vehicles will become exceedingly reliable, thus providing drivers with even more exceptional driving experiences. For tailored solutions and expert insights into the world of powertrains, Prostech remains your trusted partner, committed to driving excellence in electric mobility.